CXCL11
Description
The CXCL11 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.
CXCL11 (C-X-C motif chemokine 11) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is also known as Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC) and Interferon-gamma-inducible protein 9 (IP-9). CXCL11 is highly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, pancreas, and liver, with moderate levels in the thymus, spleen, and lung. Low expression levels are found in the small intestine, placenta, and prostate. Gene expression of CXCL11 is strongly induced by IFN-γ and IFN-β, and weakly induced by IFN-α. CXCL11 interacts with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3, with a higher affinity than the other ligands for this receptor, CXCL9 and CXCL10. CXCL11 is chemotactic for activated T cells. Its gene is located on human chromosome 4 along with many other members of the CXC chemokine family. CXCL9, -10, and -11 have been shown to be valid biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, suggesting a link between levels of these chemokines and the development of adverse cardiac remodeling.
CXCL11 is a chemoattractant for activated T-cells, but not for unstimulated T-cells, neutrophils, or monocytes. It induces calcium release in activated T-cells and binds to CXCR3. CXCL11 may play a crucial role in CNS diseases involving T-cell recruitment and may also be involved in skin immune responses.
CXCL11 is also known as H174, I-TAC, IP-9, IP9, SCYB11, SCYB9B, b-R1.
