CTLA4

Description

The CTLA4 gene, located on chromosome 2, encodes the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) protein. CTLA-4 is an immune checkpoint molecule expressed on T cells, primarily regulatory T cells (Tregs). It plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis by negatively regulating T cell activation and preventing autoimmune responses. CTLA-4 interacts with the same ligands as CD28, a co-stimulatory molecule, on antigen-presenting cells. This interaction inhibits T cell activation and proliferation, thereby dampening immune responses. CTLA-4 is also involved in the suppression of autoreactive T cells, preventing the development of autoimmune diseases.

Associated Diseases

• Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis
• Cancer, particularly melanoma and other solid tumors
• Infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and HIV

Did you know?

CTLA4 was discovered in 1987 by Dr. James Allison, who later won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2018 for his groundbreaking work on cancer immunotherapy.