CSF1
Description
The CSF1 (colony stimulating factor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), is a secreted cytokine that causes hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF to combat intercellular viral infection. It is one of the three experimentally described colony-stimulating factors. M-CSF binds to the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. It may also be involved in development of the placenta.
== Structure == M-CSF is a cytokine, being a smaller protein involved in cell signaling. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a disulfide-linked homodimer, and is thought to be produced by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound precursors. Four transcript variants encoding three different isoforms (a proteoglycan, glycoprotein and cell surface protein) have been found for this gene.
== Function == M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells. M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, and increased tumour cell cytotoxicity.
CSF1 (also known as M-CSF) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, particularly mononuclear phagocytes like macrophages and monocytes. It stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines, contributing significantly to innate immunity and inflammatory responses. Additionally, CSF1 is essential for the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, impacting bone resorption and normal bone development. It is also vital for both male and female fertility. CSF1 promotes the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates the formation of membrane ruffles, and influences cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, it plays a role in lipoprotein clearance.
CSF1 is also known as CSF-1, MCSF, PG-M-CSF.
