CEBPB
Description
The CEBPB (CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 20.
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPB gene. The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a bZIP transcription factor that can bind as a homodimer to certain DNA regulatory regions. It can also form heterodimers with the related proteins CEBP-alpha, CEBP-delta, and CEBP-gamma. The encoded protein is important in the regulation of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses and has been shown to bind to the IL-1 response element in the IL-6 gene, as well as to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokine genes. In addition, the encoded protein can bind the promoter and upstream element and stimulate the expression of the collagen type I gene. CEBP-beta is critical for normal macrophage functioning, an important immune cell sub-type; mice unable to express CEBP-beta have macrophages that cannot differentiate (specialize) and thus are unable to perform all their biological functions—including macrophage-mediated muscle repair. Observational work has shown that expression of CEBP-beta in blood leukocytes is positively associated with muscle strength in humans, emphasizing the importance of the immune system, and particularly macrophages, in the maintenance of muscle function. Function of CEBPB gene can be effectively examined by siRNA knockdown based on an independent validation. Upon further investigation, it was noted that CEBPB has close to 8,600 similar correlations with biological manipulations ranging from molecules to proteins or abstracted microRNAs. This protein is found in blood and is upregulated in diseases by acute myeloid leukemia, Glioma, and prostate cancer.
CEBPB is a crucial transcription factor that regulates gene expression involved in immune and inflammatory responses, adipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, liver regeneration, and hematopoiesis. Its DNA binding site is characterized by the sequence 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Its activity is influenced by protein interactions and post-translational modifications. During embryonic development, CEBPB plays essential and redundant roles alongside CEBPA. It promotes cell division in various cell types, including hepatocytes and adipocytes, while suppressing proliferation in T-cells by repressing MYC expression and promoting T-helper 2 lineage differentiation. It binds to regulatory regions of acute-phase and cytokine genes, contributing to the regulation of acute-phase responses and inflammation. Additionally, it is involved in intracellular bacteria killing. During adipogenesis, CEBPB is rapidly expressed and induces CEBPA and PPARG after phosphorylation, leading to the activation of adipocyte genes and the development of adipocytes. The delayed activation of CEBPA and PPARG by CEBPB is essential for mitotic clonal expansion and terminal differentiation. CEBPB is critical for female reproduction due to its role in ovarian follicle development. It inhibits osteoclastogenesis by interacting with NFE2L1 and repressing DSPP expression during odontoblast differentiation.
CEBPB is also known as C/EBP-beta, IL6DBP, NF-IL6, TCF5.
