CD86
Description
The CD86 (CD86 molecule) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 3.
CD86, also known as B7-2, is a protein found on various antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, macrophages, and B-cells. Along with CD80, CD86 provides crucial costimulatory signals for T cell activation and survival. The interaction of CD86 with its ligands can lead to different outcomes, such as self-regulation and cell-cell association or attenuation of regulation and cell-cell disassociation. The CD86 gene encodes a type I membrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a 70 kDa glycoprotein composed of 329 amino acids. Both CD80 and CD86 share a conserved amino acid motif that forms their ligand binding domain. CD86 has Ig-like extracellular domains (one variable and one constant), a transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic domain, which is longer than that of CD80.
CD86 acts as a key receptor in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell proliferation and interleukin-2 production. This is achieved through its binding to CD28 or CTLA-4. CD86 plays a crucial role in the early events of T-cell activation and costimulation of naive T-cells, influencing the decision between immunity and anergy within 24 hours of T-cell activation. Furthermore, CD86 regulates B cell function, contributing to the control of IgG(1) production. Upon CD40 engagement, CD86 activates the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway through phospholipase C and protein kinase C activation.
CD86 is also known as B7-2, B7.2, B70, CD28LG2, LAB72.
