CD80
Description
The CD80 (CD80 molecule) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 3.
CD80 (Cluster of differentiation 80), also known as B7-1, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It has an extracellular immunoglobulin constant-like domain and a variable-like domain crucial for receptor binding. CD80 is closely related to CD86 (B7-2) and often works in tandem. Both CD80 and CD86 interact with costimulatory receptors CD28, CTLA-4 (CD152), and the p75 neurotrophin receptor. CD80 is a member of the B7 family, which includes molecules present on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and their receptors found on T-cells. Specifically, CD80 is present on dendritic cells, activated B-cells, macrophages, and T-cells. It is a transmembrane glycoprotein composed of 288 amino acids with a mass of 33 kDa. It consists of two Ig-like extracellular domains, a transmembrane helical segment, and a short cytoplasmic tail. These extracellular domains are formed by single V-type and C2-type domains. CD80 is expressed as both monomers and dimers, with dimers being the predominant form.
CD80 is involved in the essential costimulatory signal for T-lymphocyte activation. Binding of CD28 to CD80 triggers T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. In contrast, CD80 binding to CTLA-4 inhibits T-cell activation.
CD80 is also known as B7, B7-1, B7.1, BB1, CD28LG, CD28LG1, LAB7.
