CD226
Description
The CD226 (CD226 molecule) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 18.
CD226 (Cluster of Differentiation 226), also known as PTA1 ('platelet and T cell activation antigen 1') or DNAM-1 (DNAX Accessory Molecule-1), is a transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of various immune cells, including NK cells, NK T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, hematopoietic precursor cells, platelets, monocytes, and T cells. It is a ~65 kDa glycoprotein with two immunoglobulin-like V-set domains and eight N-glycosylation sites. CD226 gene is conserved between humans and mice. In humans, the CD226 gene is located on chromosome 18q22.3, while in mice, it's located on chromosome 18E4.
Upon engagement with its ligand, DNAM-1 undergoes phosphorylation by protein kinase C. This triggers a signaling cascade involving LFA-1, Fyn Src kinase, and SLP-76, ultimately leading to activation of phospholipase Cγ2, Ca2+ influx, cytoskeletal reorganization, degranulation, and secretion. DNAM-1 mediates cellular adhesion to other cells expressing its ligands, nectin molecule CD112 and nectin-like protein CD155, which are widely distributed on normal neuronal, epithelial, fibroblastic cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and infected or transformed cells.
CD226, also known as DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1), plays a crucial role in intercellular adhesion, lymphocyte signaling, cytotoxicity, and lymphokine secretion mediated by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. It serves as a cell surface receptor for NECTIN2 and upon ligand binding, triggers T-cell proliferation and the production of cytokines, including IL2, IL5, IL10, IL13, and IFNG. Notably, CD226 competes with PVRIG for binding to NECTIN2.
CD226 is also known as DNAM-1, DNAM1, PTA1, TLiSA1.
