CCR5
Description
The CCR5 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 5) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 3.
CCR5, also known as C-C chemokine receptor type 5 or CD195, is a protein found on the surface of white blood cells that plays a role in the immune system. It functions as a receptor for chemokines, which are signaling molecules that attract and activate immune cells. The CCR5 gene is located on chromosome 3. Some populations carry a mutation called Delta 32, which deletes a portion of the CCR5 gene. Individuals with two copies of this mutation are resistant to infection by certain strains of HIV-1. CCR5 is a member of the beta chemokine receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor. Its ligands include CCL3, CCL4 (MIP 1α and 1β), CCL3L1, and CCL5 (RANTES). CCR5 is primarily expressed on T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, microglia, and a subset of breast or prostate cancer cells. Its expression is induced during the cancer transformation process and is not found in normal breast or prostate epithelial cells.
CCR5 is a receptor for several inflammatory chemokines, including CCL3/MIP-1-alpha, CCL4/MIP-1-beta, and RANTES. Upon binding these chemokines, CCR5 signals by increasing intracellular calcium levels. This signaling pathway may play a role in regulating granulocytic lineage proliferation and differentiation. CCR5 also functions as a chemotactic receptor, guiding T-lymphocytes to infection sites (PMID:30713770).
CCR5 is also known as CC-CKR-5, CCCKR5, CCR-5, CD195, CKR-5, CKR5, CMKBR5, IDDM22.
