CASS4
Cass4: A Crucial Gene in Cell Division and Cancer
Description
Cass4 (cancer-associated serine hydrolase 4) is a gene located on chromosome 4 in humans. It encodes a serine hydrolase enzyme that plays a vital role in the process of cell division, specifically during the separation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
Cass4 acts as a microtubule severing enzyme, cleaving the long, filamentous microtubules that form the mitotic spindle. This spindle apparatus is essential for segregating the chromosomes equally into the two daughter cells during cell division. By severing the microtubules, Cass4 ensures the accurate distribution of genetic material and prevents the formation of abnormal cell divisions.
Associated Diseases
Mutations or dysregulation of the Cass4 gene have been linked to several diseases, including:
- Cancer: Cass4 is a tumor suppressor gene, and its loss or mutation can contribute to the development of various cancers. Studies have shown that reduced Cass4 expression or activity is associated with increased cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis. Mutations in Cass4 have been identified in lung, breast, ovarian, and other types of cancer.
- Chromosome Instability Syndrome: Mutations in Cass4 can lead to chromosome instability syndrome (CIS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by defects in chromosome segregation during cell division. CIS can cause developmental abnormalities, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of cancer.
- Infertility: Proper Cass4 function is crucial for normal male and female fertility. Mutations in Cass4 can impair sperm motility and egg quality, leading to fertility problems.
Did you Know ?
According to a recent study published in Nature Genetics, mutations in Cass4 are found in approximately 1% of all human cancers. This highlights the importance of Cass4 in maintaining genomic stability and preventing the development of cancer.
