CAMK2B
Description
The CAMK2B (calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 7.
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II beta chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2B gene.
== Function == The enzyme belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and to the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signalling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. In mammalian cells, the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a beta chain. It is possible that distinct isoforms of this chain have different cellular localizations and interact differently with calmodulin. Eight transcript variants encoding eight distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.
== Interactions == CAMK2B has been shown to interact with Actinin alpha 4.
== References ==
== Further reading ==
== External links == Human CAMK2B genome location and CAMK2B gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
CAMK2B is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that becomes active after binding calcium and calmodulin and autophosphorylation. It plays crucial roles in various cellular processes, including:
- Synaptic plasticity: CAMK2B is involved in dendritic spine and synapse formation, neuronal plasticity, and regulation of calcium transport in skeletal muscle. It acts downstream of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) to promote spine and synapse formation and maintain synaptic plasticity, which is essential for long-term potentiation (LTP) and hippocampus-dependent learning.
- Structural role in neurons: CAMK2B binds and bundles actin filaments, reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton during plasticity. This is necessary for the correct targeting of CaMK2A, another important kinase involved in synaptic plasticity.
- Dendritic development: CAMK2B promotes the development of dendrites in both developing and mature neurons. In developing neurons, it promotes arborization (branching) of the dendritic tree, while in mature neurons, it facilitates dendritic remodeling.
- Regulation of neuron migration: CAMK2B regulates the migration of developing neurons.
- Skeletal muscle function: CAMK2B modulates skeletal muscle function in response to exercise. In slow-twitch muscles, it regulates calcium transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In fast-twitch muscles, it controls calcium release from the SR by phosphorylating triadin (a ryanodine receptor-coupling factor) and phospholamban (PLN/PLB), an inhibitor of SERCA2A/ATP2A2.
- Signaling pathway activation: CAMK2B can activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway by phosphorylating STAT1 in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulation.
- Reticulophagy regulation: Under endoplasmic reticulum stress, CAMK2B phosphorylates RETREG1 at Ser-151, enhancing its oligomerization and promoting its membrane scission and reticulophagy activity.
CAMK2B is also known as CAM2, CAMK2, CAMKB, CaMKIIbeta, MRD54.
