BIRC3
Description
The BIRC3 (baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 11.
BIRC3, also known as cIAP2, is a protein involved in regulating apoptosis. It belongs to the inhibitor of apoptosis family and prevents cell death by interfering with caspase activation. BIRC3 inhibits apoptosis triggered by serum deprivation but does not affect apoptosis induced by menadione, a free radical inducer. The protein contains multiple domains, including three BIR domains, a UBA domain, a CARD domain, and a RING finger domain. Multiple transcript variants have been identified, encoding the same protein isoform. BIRC3 interacts with various proteins, including CASP9, RIPK1, TRAF1, TRAF2, and UBE2D2.
BIRC3 is a multi-functional protein that regulates various cellular processes, including apoptosis, inflammatory signaling, immunity, cell proliferation, and invasion. It acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, controlling NF-κB signaling, both canonical and non-canonical pathways. BIRC3 positively regulates canonical NF-κB signaling while suppressing constitutive activation of non-canonical signaling. Its E3 ligase activity targets proteins like RIPK1, RIPK2, RIPK3, RIPK4, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, IKBKE, TRAF1, and BCL10. BIRC3 is a key regulator of innate immune signaling by modulating pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nodlike receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I like receptors (RLRs). This protein also protects cells from spontaneous ripoptosome formation, a multi-protein complex capable of inducing cancer cell death. It suppresses ripoptosome formation by ubiquitinating RIPK1 and CASP8.
BIRC3 is also known as AIP1, API2, CIAP2, HAIP1, HIAP1, IAP-1, MALT2, MIHC, RNF49, c-IAP2.
