ATP2A2 : ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2
Description
The ATP2A2 (ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12.
The ATP2A2 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2 (SERCA2). This enzyme is responsible for moving calcium ions (positively charged calcium atoms) into and out of cells. SERCA2 is found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) inside the cell and in a related structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) inside muscle cells. The ER is involved in protein processing and transport, while the SR assists with muscle contraction and relaxation by storing and releasing calcium ions. Calcium ions are crucial for many cell activities and processes. SERCA2 helps control calcium levels inside cells by allowing calcium ions to move in and out in response to cell signals.
ATP2A2 is a magnesium-dependent enzyme that breaks down ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and uses the energy released to move calcium from the cell's cytoplasm (cytosol) into the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen. This process is essential for muscle contraction and relaxation, as well as for other cellular processes. ATP2A2 is also involved in autophagy, a cellular process that breaks down and recycles damaged or unnecessary cellular components, particularly during starvation. ATP2A2 interacts with the protein VMP1 to control the formation of autophagosomes, which are structures that engulf and degrade cellular components. ATP2A2 also plays a role in regulating the interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other cellular structures, such as lipid droplets, mitochondria, and endosomes. In coordination with the protein FLVCR2, ATP2A2 helps switch from mitochondrial ATP synthesis to thermogenesis in response to heme. This switch contributes to the regulation of cellular energy production and heat generation.
ATP2A2 is also known as ATP2B, DAR, DD, SERCA2.
