ATP11C
Description
The ATP11C (ATPase phospholipid transporting 11C) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome X.
ATP11C is an enzyme encoded by the ATP11C gene in humans. It belongs to the Type IV P-type ATPase family and is believed to transport or flip aminophospholipids. In mice, the protein encoded by the ATP11C gene is essential for the development of B cells and red blood cells, as well as for preventing intrahepatic cholestasis.
ATP11C is a catalytic subunit of a P4-ATPase flippase complex that utilizes ATP hydrolysis to move aminophospholipids, particularly phosphatidylserines (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), from the outer to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. This enzyme plays a crucial role in maintaining the asymmetric distribution of PS in immune cell subsets. In erythrocytes, ATP11C is essential for keeping PS confined to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, preventing its exposure on the cell surface. This asymmetric distribution is critical for erythrocyte survival as exposed PS signals to splenic macrophages to clear the erythrocytes from circulation. ATP11C is also required for B cell differentiation beyond the pro-B cell stage, likely through PS flipping in these cells. The enzyme may also be involved in the transport of cholestatic bile acids.
ATP11C is also known as ATPIG, ATPIQ, HACXL.
