ATAT1
Description
The ATAT1 (alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6.
ATAT1 is an enzyme encoded by the ATAT1 gene. It belongs to the family of acyltransferases, specifically those transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. ATAT1 is also known as alpha-tubulin acetylase, αTAT, ATAT1, TAT, alpha-TAT, alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase, tubulin N-acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA:alpha-tubulin-L-lysine N-acetyltransferase, and acetyl-CoA:[alpha-tubulin]-L-lysine 6-N-acetyltransferase.
The protein has a length of 421 amino acids, with Glutamine number 58 (Gln or Q) being crucial for catalytic activity. ATAT1 has 8 α-helix, 10 β-strands, and one turn, but only half of the protein has a defined secondary conformation. The rest is intrinsically disordered. ATAT1 is not a modular protein, having only one domain localized from the first amino acid to the 190th. Two important regions of ATAT1 (124-137 and 160-269) are involved in junction points with Acetyl-coA.
ATAT1 specifically acetylates Lys-40 in alpha-tubulin on the lumenal side of microtubules. This acetylation promotes microtubule destabilization and accelerates microtubule dynamics, potentially independent of its acetylation activity. ATAT1 acetylates alpha-tubulin with a slow enzymatic rate due to a suboptimal catalytic site for acetyl transfer. It enters microtubules through both ends and rapidly diffuses throughout the lumen. Its slow acetylation rate allows ATAT1 to acetylate only long, stable microtubules, as it lacks sufficient time to act on dynamically unstable ones before being released. ATAT1 is essential for normal sperm flagellar function and promotes directional cell locomotion and chemotaxis. This occurs via AP2A2-dependent acetylation of alpha-tubulin at clathrin-coated pits, which concentrate at the leading edge of migrating cells. ATAT1 may also facilitate primary cilium assembly.
ATAT1 is also known as C6orf134, MEC17, Nbla00487, TAT, alpha-TAT, alpha-TAT1.
Associated Diseases
- male infertility with teratozoospermia due to single gene mutation
- partial chromosome Y deletion
- spermatogenic failure 65
- spermatogenic failure 51
- spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 3
- spermatogenic failure 72
- spermatogenic failure 39
- spermatogenic failure 40
- spermatogenic failure 18
- spermatogenic failure 46
- spermatogenic failure 27
- spermatogenic failure 42
- spermatogenic failure 47
- congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens
- spermatogenic failure 63
- spermatogenic failure 43
- spermatogenic failure 49
