ARTN

Description

The ARTN (artemin) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.

Artemin, also known as enovin or neublastin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARTN gene. Artemin is a neurotrophic factor in the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family of ligands, which are a group of ligands within the TGF-beta superfamily of signaling molecules. GDNFs are unique in having neurotrophic properties and have potential use for gene therapy in neurodegenerative disease. Artemin has been shown in culture to support the survival of a number of peripheral neuron populations and at least one population of dopaminergic CNS neurons. Its role in the PNS and CNS is further substantiated by its expression pattern in the proximity of these neurons. This protein is a ligand for the RET receptor and uses GFR-alpha 3 as a coreceptor. Artemin, along with other GDNF family of ligands, has been implicated in the structural development and plasticity of several types of neurons, including ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Artemin promotes the survival of newly differentiated neurons after they have undergone terminal mitosis. Artemin has also been found to support the survival neurons in later stages of development and can enhance neuron growth better than neural growth factor during later stages of development. Artemin plays an important role in migration, proliferation, and differentiation of sympathetic neurons during development.

Artemin is a ligand for the GFR-alpha-3-RET receptor complex, but can also activate the GFR-alpha-1-RET receptor complex. It promotes the survival of sensory and sympathetic peripheral neurons in culture and also supports the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral mid-brain. Artemin is a strong attractant of gut hematopoietic cells, promoting the formation of Peyer's patch-like structures, a major component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

ARTN is also known as ART, ENOVIN, EVN, NBN.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing