AMFR
Description
The AMFR (autocrine motility factor receptor) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16.
Autocrine motility factor receptor, isoform 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMFR gene. Autocrine motility factor is a tumor motility-stimulating protein secreted by tumor cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a glycosylated transmembrane protein and a receptor for autocrine motility factor. The receptor, which shows some sequence similarity to tumor protein p53, is localized to the leading and trailing edges of carcinoma cells.
== Interactions == AMFR has been shown to interact with Valosin-containing protein.
== References ==
== External links == Human AMFR genome location and AMFR gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
AMFR (Autocrine motility factor receptor) is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that attaches ubiquitin tags to target proteins, marking them for degradation by the proteasome. It plays a key role in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, a quality control system that removes misfolded or damaged proteins from the ER. AMFR is involved in the degradation of various proteins, including:
- HMGCR: A key enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis. AMFR promotes HMGCR degradation when cholesterol levels are high, contributing to lipid homeostasis.
- INSIG1 and INSIG2: Proteins that regulate cholesterol synthesis. AMFR degrades INSIG1 and INSIG2 when cholesterol levels are low, allowing for increased cholesterol production.
- SOAT2/ACAT2: An enzyme involved in lipid metabolism. AMFR degrades SOAT2/ACAT2 when lipid levels are low, contributing to lipid homeostasis.
- CD3D, CYP3A4, CFTR, and APOB: Other proteins that are targeted for degradation by AMFR.
AMFR also plays a role in several cellular processes, including:
- Tumor invasion and metastasis: AMFR acts as a receptor for the GPI/autocrine motility factor, which promotes tumor cell movement and spread.
- Wnt signaling pathway: AMFR negatively regulates Wnt signaling, a pathway involved in cell growth and development.
- NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways: AMFR regulates these pathways, which are involved in inflammation and immune responses.
Overall, AMFR is a crucial protein involved in protein degradation, lipid homeostasis, cell signaling, and tumor progression. Its diverse functions highlight its importance in maintaining cellular health and function.
AMFR is also known as GP78, RNF45, SPG89.
