ALPP
Description
The ALPP (alkaline phosphatase, placental) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
ALPP, also known as placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), is an allosteric enzyme encoded by the ALPP gene. It is one of four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal (ALPI), placental (ALPP), placental-like (ALPPL2), and liver/bone/kidney (ALPL). The first three are located on chromosome 2, while the tissue-nonspecific form (ALPL) is located on chromosome 1. The coding sequence for ALPP is unique due to the presence of multiple copies of an Alu family repeat in its 3‘ untranslated region. Three common alleles (type 1, type 2, and type 3) have been characterized for ALPP. ALPP is a membrane-bound glycosylated dimeric enzyme, also known as the heat-stable form, primarily expressed in the placenta. It is closely related to the intestinal and placental-like forms. ALPP serves as a tumor marker, particularly in seminoma and ovarian cancer (e.g., dysgerminoma). However, its reliability as a marker is affected by smoking, as serum PLAP concentrations are increased up to 10-fold in smokers, making it less valuable in this group.
ALPP is also known as ALP, ALPI, IAP, PALP, PLAP, PLAP-1.
Associated Diseases
- facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
- Zika virus infectious disease
- Pallister-Hall syndrome
- hypertriglyceridemia 2
- cholesterol-ester transfer protein deficiency
- obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency
- hyperlipidemia due to hepatic triglyceride lipase deficiency
