ACTR3
Description
The ACTR3 (actin related protein 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
ACTR3, also known as Actin-related protein 3, is a protein encoded by the ACTR3 gene in humans. While its specific function remains unclear, it is a major component of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential for cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. ACTR3 has been shown to interact with Cortactin.
ACTR3 is an ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that promotes actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility. ACTR3 seems to contact the pointed end of the daughter actin filament. In podocytes, ACTR3 is required for the formation of lamellipodia downstream of AVIL and PLCE1 regulation. In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, the Arp2/3 complex also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA. The Arp2/3 complex promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair in response to DNA damage by promoting nuclear actin polymerization, leading to drive motility of double-strand breaks (DSBs). ACTR3 plays a role in ciliogenesis.
ACTR3 is also known as ARP3.
