ABHD11
ABHD11: A Key Regulator of Lipid Metabolism and Disease
Description
ABHD11 (Abhydrolase domain containing 11) is a protein enzyme that plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism. It belongs to the family of serine hydrolases and specifically hydrolyzes fatty acid amides, such as N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA). These fatty acid amides are signaling molecules that regulate various physiological processes, including pain, inflammation, and appetite.
ABHD11 is primarily expressed in the liver and adipose tissue. In the liver, it is involved in the catabolism of AEA and PEA, preventing their accumulation and regulating their signaling effects. In adipose tissue, ABHD11 contributes to the breakdown of triglycerides, releasing free fatty acids that can be used for energy or stored as energy reserves.
Associated Diseases
Alterations in ABHD11 activity and expression have been linked to several diseases, including:
- Obesity: Reduced ABHD11 activity leads to increased levels of AEA and PEA, which can promote food intake and weight gain.
- Insulin resistance: Impaired ABHD11 function is associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes.
- Inflammation: ABHD11 deficiency has been linked to chronic inflammation and conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
- Pain: ABHD11 regulates AEA levels, which acts as an endogenous cannabinoid and has analgesic effects. Decreased ABHD11 activity can lead to reduced pain sensitivity.
Did you Know ?
Approximately 20% of individuals with obesity have reduced ABHD11 activity, highlighting the potential role of this enzyme in the development and progression of this condition.
