TRAC
Description
The TRAC gene, located on chromosome 14, encodes the alpha chain of the T cell receptor (TCR). This receptor is crucial for the adaptive immune system's ability to recognize and respond to specific antigens. The TCR complex, composed of the alpha and beta chains, is expressed on the surface of T cells and plays a vital role in recognizing and binding to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This interaction triggers a cascade of events that lead to T cell activation and differentiation into effector cells, ultimately eliminating pathogens. Mutations in the TRAC gene can disrupt TCR formation and function, leading to various immune deficiencies.
Associated Diseases
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
- Omenn Syndrome
- Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-Linked (IPEX)
- Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus)
Did you know?
The diversity of the TCR repertoire is astonishing, with an estimated 10^15 different TCRs possible in humans. This vast diversity is generated by a process called V(D)J recombination, which allows for random rearrangement of gene segments during T cell development.
