PTPRC
Description
The PTPRC (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
PTPRC, also known as CD45 antigen (CD stands for cluster of differentiation) or leukocyte common antigen (LCA), is an enzyme encoded by the PTPRC gene. It is a critical enzyme involved in regulating immune cell function. PTPRC is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed on the surface of all nucleated hematopoietic cells, particularly lymphocytes. It plays a key role in the activation and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and other immune cells by modulating signaling pathways. PTPRC dephosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on target proteins, controlling various signaling processes essential for immune response and homeostasis. PTPRC is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which regulates cellular processes like cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. PTPRC is a type I transmembrane protein with an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment, and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, placing it within the receptor type PTP family. It is present in various isoforms on all differentiated hematopoietic cells, except erythrocytes and plasma cells.
PTPRC is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that is essential for T-cell activation through the antigen receptor. It acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation upon binding to DPP4. The first PTPase domain of PTPRC has enzymatic activity, while the second domain influences the substrate specificity of the first domain. Upon T-cell activation, PTPRC recruits and dephosphorylates SKAP1 and FYN. It also dephosphorylates LYN, thereby modulating LYN activity.
PTPRC is also known as B220, CD45, CD45R, GP180, IMD105, L-CA, LCA, LY5, T200.
