PRDX1 : peroxiredoxin 1
Description
The PRDX1 (peroxiredoxin 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
The PRDX1 gene provides instructions for producing the peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1) protein. This protein is crucial for protecting cells from damage caused by unstable oxygen-containing molecules called reactive oxygen species (ROS). PRDX1 breaks down hydrogen peroxide, a molecule that is produced naturally within cells. At low levels, hydrogen peroxide plays a role in various chemical signaling pathways that regulate cell functions like growth, maturation, and survival. By controlling the amount of hydrogen peroxide, PRDX1 helps regulate these signaling pathways, contributing to important cellular functions. However, high levels of hydrogen peroxide are toxic to cells. If not broken down, it can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes. PRDX1 safeguards cells against this damage. The PRDX1 gene is located on chromosome 1, near another gene called MMACHC, which has distinct functions in cells. The protein produced by MMACHC is involved in processing vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin).
PRDX1 is a thiol-specific peroxidase that converts hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides into water and alcohols. This function protects cells from oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and acting as a sensor for hydrogen peroxide signaling. PRDX1 may also contribute to growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling by regulating intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels. Additionally, PRDX1 can reduce an intramolecular disulfide bond in GDPD5, which enables GDPD5 to promote postmitotic motor neuron differentiation.
PRDX1 is also known as MSP23, NKEF-A, NKEFA, PAG, PAGA, PAGB, PRX1, PRXI, TDPX2.
