MYD88 : MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor

Description

The MYD88 (MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 3.

The MYD88 gene provides instructions for making a protein involved in signaling within immune cells. The MyD88 protein acts as an adapter, connecting proteins that receive signals from outside the cell to the proteins that relay signals inside the cell. In particular, MyD88 transfers signals from certain proteins called Toll-like receptors and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors, which are important for an early immune response to foreign invaders such as bacteria. In response to signals from these receptors, the MyD88 adapter protein stimulates signaling molecules that turn on a group of interacting proteins known as nuclear factor-kappa-B. Nuclear factor-kappa-B regulates the activity of multiple genes, including genes that control the body's immune responses and inflammatory reactions. It also protects cells from certain signals that would otherwise cause them to self-destruct (undergo apoptosis).

MyD88 is a key adapter protein involved in the innate immune response, specifically in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1 receptor signaling pathways. It activates downstream signaling molecules like IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7, and TRAF6, ultimately leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion, and inflammatory responses. MyD88 also plays a role in IL-18 mediated signaling and increases IL-8 transcription. It's crucial for maintaining gut homeostasis in intestinal epithelial cells by controlling the expression of the antimicrobial lectin REG3G in the small intestine.

MYD88 is also known as IMD68, MYD88D, WM1.

Associated Diseases

• Waldenström macroglobulinemia
• Bacterial susceptibility due to TLR signaling pathway deficiency
• Macroglobulinemia, Waldenstrom, somatic
• Immunodeficiency 68
• MyD88 deficiency