FGG : fibrinogen gamma chain

Description

The FGG (fibrinogen gamma chain) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.

The FGG gene provides instructions for making the fibrinogen gamma (γ) chain, one piece (subunit) of the fibrinogen protein. This protein is important for blood clot formation (coagulation), which is needed to stop excessive bleeding after injury. To form fibrinogen, the γ chain attaches to the fibrinogen A alpha (Aα) and fibrinogen B beta (Bβ) chains, each produced from different genes. Two sets of this three-protein complex combine to form functional fibrinogen. For coagulation to occur, another protein called thrombin removes a piece from the Aα and the Bβ subunits of the functional fibrinogen protein (the pieces are called the A and B fibrinopeptides). This process converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the main protein in blood clots. Fibrin proteins attach to each other, forming a stable network that makes up the blood clot.

The FGG gene product, the fibrinogen gamma chain, plays a crucial role in hemostasis, serving as a primary component of blood clots. It assembles with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB) to form an insoluble fibrin matrix, which is essential for stopping bleeding. Beyond its role in blood clotting, the fibrinogen gamma chain also contributes to wound healing by stabilizing the injured area and guiding cell migration during re-epithelialization. While initially believed to be essential for platelet aggregation, subsequent studies have demonstrated that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Notably, the fibrinogen gamma chain enhances the expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway. Maternal fibrinogen is crucial for a successful pregnancy. Furthermore, fibrin deposition is associated with infection, where it safeguards against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. It also has the potential to facilitate the antibacterial immune response through both innate and T-cell mediated pathways.

FGG is also known as -.

Associated Diseases

• Afibrinogenemia, congenitalhypofibrinogenemia, congenital, included
• Familial hypofibrinogenemia
• Familial dysfibrinogenemia
• Familial afibrinogenemia
• Congenital afibrinogenemia