FGF5
Description
The FGF5 (fibroblast growth factor 5) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.
Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) is a protein encoded by the FGF5 gene in humans. The FGF family primarily consists of glycosaminoglycan binding proteins involved in various biological processes like embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. They interact with specific tyrosine kinase receptors, often regulated by proteoglycans or extracellular binding protein cofactors. Upon interaction, multiple intracellular signaling cascades, including PI3K-AKT, PLCγ, RAS-MAPK, and STAT pathways, are activated. FGF5 is a 268 amino acid protein (29.1 kDa) with a 123 amino acid isoform splice variant (FGF5s). It is primarily produced in the outer root sheath of the hair follicle and perifollicular macrophages, with maximum expression during the late anagen phase of the hair cycle. Its receptor, FGFR1, is mainly expressed in the dermal papilla cells of the hair follicle. The alternatively spliced FGF5s has been identified as an antagonist of FGF5. The only known function of FGF5 in adults is regulating the hair cycle, where it acts as the key signaling molecule for the transition from anagen (growth) to catagen (regression).
FGF5 is also known as HBGF-5, Smag-82, TCMGLY.
