CYP26C1
Description
The CYP26C1 (cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily C member 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 10.
CYP26C1, also known as cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily c, polypeptide 1, is a protein encoded by the CYP26C1 gene in humans. It belongs to the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes, which are monooxygenases involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids. CYP26C1 plays a role in the catabolism of all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid, contributing to the regulation of retinoic acid levels in cells and tissues. CYP26C1 expression has not been observed in colorectal cancer cells or normal colonic epithelium.
CYP26C1 is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of retinoates (RAs), the active metabolites of vitamin A, and critical signaling molecules in animals. RAs exist in at least four different isomers: all-trans-RA (atRA), 9-cis-RA, 13-cis-RA, and 9,13-dicis-RA, with atRA being the biologically active isomer, although 9-cis-RA and 13-cis-RA also have activity. CYP26C1 primarily catalyzes the oxidation of atRA at C-4, limiting its biological activity and initiating a degradative process leading to its eventual elimination. This contributes to the regulation of atRA homeostasis and signaling. CYP26C1 can efficiently metabolize other RAs such as 9-cis. It can also oxidize all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoate (DRA) to metabolites that could include all-trans-4-oxo-DRA, all-trans-4-hydroxy-DRA, all-trans-5,8-epoxy-DRA, and all-trans-18-hydroxy-DRA. CYP26C1 shares sequence similarity with other CYP26 family members but has higher affinity for 9-cis-RA and is less sensitive to ketoconazole inhibition. In cooperation with Cyp26a1, CYP26C1 contributes to CNS patterning and the development of regions of higher visual acuity.
CYP26C1 is also known as FFDD4.
