COG4 : component of oligomeric golgi complex 4

Description

The COG4 (component of oligomeric golgi complex 4) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16.

The COG4 gene provides instructions for making a protein called component of oligomeric Golgi complex 4 (COG4). As its name suggests, COG4 is one piece of a group of proteins known as the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. This complex is important for maintaining normal functions in the Golgi apparatus, which is a cell structure in which newly produced proteins are modified so they can carry out their functions. An example of a protein modification process that occurs in the Golgi apparatus is glycosylation, by which sugar molecules (oligosaccharides) are attached to proteins and fats. Glycosylation modifies proteins so they can perform a wider variety of functions.The COG complex plays an important role in a process called retrograde transport, through which proteins are moved from the Golgi apparatus to another cellular structure called the endoplasmic reticulum. Among its many functions, the endoplasmic reticulum folds and modifies newly formed proteins so they have the correct 3-dimensional shape. This transport pathway is called retrograde because it is in reverse order of the usual process for newly produced proteins. New proteins undergo initial processing in the endoplasmic reticulum then move to the Golgi apparatus for further modification before being released from the cell (secreted). Retrograde transport is important for sending unneeded proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum to get recycled and for relocating misplaced proteins within the cell.For retrograde transport, proteins first must be incorporated into sac-like structures called vesicles that get attached to the Golgi apparatus membrane. The COG complex controls the attachment (tethering) of the vesicles to the Golgi membrane in preparation for transport. Once the proteins are incorporated, the vesicles detach and carry the proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum.

COG4 is essential for maintaining normal Golgi function, particularly in the process of retrograde transport, where proteins are moved back from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. This function is achieved through its interaction with SCFD1, which aids in the assembly of SNARE pins and facilitates the retrograde transport process.

COG4 is also known as CDG2J, COD1, SWILS.

Associated Diseases

Comprehensive carrier screening

WES Whole Exome Sequencing

Clinical Exome Sequencing