ARL3
Description
The ARL3 (ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 10.
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 3 is a protein encoded by the ARL3 gene in humans. It belongs to the ADP-ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARL3 binds guanine nucleotides but lacks ADP-ribosylation factor activity. It interacts with Protein unc-119 homolog.
ARL3 is a small GTP-binding protein that switches between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state. This cycling is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). ARL3 is crucial for normal cell division (cytokinesis) and signaling within cilia. It relies on GAPs like RP2 and PDE6D to transition between its inactive and active forms. ARL3 is essential for directing proteins to the cilium, including myristoylated NPHP3 and prenylated INPP5E. It specifically targets NPHP3 to the ciliary membrane by releasing it from the UNC119B cargo adapter. ARL3 is also involved in transporting the PKD1:PKD2 complex from the trans-Golgi network to the cilium.
ARL3 is also known as ARFL3, JBTS35, RP83.
